Technical Documentation

Calculation Methodology

This page documents the calculation logic, regulatory references, and engineering assumptions underpinning every VentCalc output. If a Building Control officer or peer reviewer questions the numbers, point them here.

Scope: RIBA Stage 2–3 feasibility calculations only. All outputs are indicative. Final design must be verified by a qualified engineer.
Contents
1. Regulatory Framework2. Residential Airflow3. Commercial Airflow4. Duct Sizing5. SFP Compliance6. Confidence Scoring7. Engineer Responsibility
01

Regulatory Framework

All calculations are cross-referenced to the following UK regulatory documents and guidance notes. Clause references appear on the Detailed Schedule tab of the Excel export.

AD Part F 2021
Approved Document F — Ventilation

Vol 1 (Dwellings) and Vol 2 (Non-domestic). Primary source for whole-dwelling ventilation rates, wet-room extract rates, and system type selection. 2021 edition applies to all work in England.

AD Part L 2021
Approved Document L — Energy

Table 6.9 (Non-domestic) provides SFP limits for central AHUs and local units. AD Part L1A / L1B (domestic) limits apply to MVHR and MEV systems. Used for all PASS/FAIL SFP checks.

BS EN 16798-1
Energy Performance of Buildings

Annex B (Table B.4) provides Category II outdoor air supply rates for non-residential occupancies (l/s per person + l/s per m²). Used as default commercial airflow basis.

CIBSE Guide B2
Ventilation & Air Conditioning

Supplementary extract rates for commercial spaces including sanitary accommodation, catering kitchens, server rooms, and gyms. Applied where AD Part F Vol 2 does not give specific rates.

BB101 (2018)
Ventilation for School Buildings

Table 1 occupancy-based rates (5 l/s per person) and minimum 3 ACH for teaching spaces. Applied automatically when a room is identified as a classroom or learning space.

02

Residential Airflow Calculation

For dwellings, AD Part F 2021 (Vol 1) sets two independent airflow requirements. VentCalc takes the higher of the two as the design value to ensure worst-case compliance.

WHOLE-DWELLING VENTILATION RATE — AD Part F Vol 1, Table 1.1

The minimum continuous supply rate is based on the number of bedrooms. Part F uses occupancy as (number of bedrooms + 1) — one person per bedroom plus one additional occupant.

Q_whole = max(0.3 l/s per m² of total floor area, occupant-based rate)

Occupancy basis: N + 1 persons, where N = number of bedrooms. Default person rate: 8 l/s per person (Cat II, BS EN 15251).

WET ROOM EXTRACT RATES — AD Part F Vol 1, Table 1.2

Minimum continuous extract rates for each wet room type. Boost (intermittent) rates apply when the fan is occupancy-triggered.

Room TypeContinuous ExtractBoost Rate
Kitchen
(without cooker hood)
13 l/s
Kitchen
(with cooker hood, recirculating)
13 l/s
Kitchen
(cooker hood with extract duct)
Bathroom8 l/s
WC / Cloakroom6 l/s
Utility Room8 l/s
Q_design = max(Q_whole, sum of Q_extract for all wet rooms)
03

Commercial Airflow Calculation

For non-domestic buildings, VentCalc applies BS EN 16798-1 Category II rates as the primary method. Where occupancy data is not available, ACH-based rates from CIBSE Guide B2 are used as a fallback.

OCCUPANCY-BASED METHOD — BS EN 16798-1:2019, Annex B, Table B.4 (Category II)
Q = (n_p × q_p) + (A_f × q_b)
QTotal outdoor air supply (l/s)
n_pNumber of occupants
q_pPerson-rate — typically 10 l/s per person (offices)
A_fFloor area (m²)
q_bArea-rate — typically 0.6 l/s per m² (offices)
SPACE-TYPE REFERENCE RATES
Space TypeDesign RateRegulatory Basis
Office / Open-plan10 l/s/person + 0.6 l/s/m²BS EN 16798-1, Table B.4 Cat II
Meeting Room10 l/s per personBS EN 16798-1, Table B.4 Cat II
Classroom5 l/s/person (min 3 ACH)BB101 (2018), Table 1
WC / Sanitary25 l/s per fitting (min 6 ACH)CIBSE Guide B2, Table 3.1
Kitchen / Catering20–60 ACH (by heat load)CIBSE Guide B2, Table 3.2
Reception / Lobby8 l/s per personBS EN 16798-1, Table B.4 Cat II
Server / IT Room≥6 ACH (heat load-dependent)CIBSE Guide B2, Section 3.5
Corridor0.5 l/s per m²AD Part F Vol 2, Table 1.1
Airflow Units: All outputs are expressed in litres per second (l/s) as the primary UK unit and also in m³/h where shown, using the conversion: m³/h = l/s × 3.6. This ensures compatibility with both UK and European fan manufacturer data sheets.
04

Duct Sizing & Pressure Calculation

Indicative duct sizes are calculated from the design airflow and a target velocity. Static pressure is estimated using a simplified Darcy-Weisbach approach applied to an equivalent duct run length.

STEP 1 — DUCT CROSS-SECTION AREA
A = Q ÷ v (where Q is in m³/s = l/s ÷ 1000)
D = √(4A ÷ π) (circular duct diameter)

Default design velocity: 4.0 m/s (low-velocity system, CIBSE Guide B2 recommendation). Range 3–5 m/s for supply and extract ductwork.

STEP 2 — STATIC PRESSURE (DARCY-WEISBACH)
ΔP = f × (L_eq ÷ D) × (ρ × v² ÷ 2)
fFriction factor — 0.022 (smooth galvanised duct, Re ~10⁵)
L_eqEquivalent duct length = actual run × 1.5 (fittings allowance)
DHydraulic diameter (m)
ρAir density — 1.2 kg/m³ (20°C, sea level)
vMean duct velocity (m/s)

The 1.5× fittings multiplier represents a standard feasibility-stage allowance. At detailed design, the index circuit should be calculated with actual fitting pressure losses (bends, junctions, attenuators) from CIBSE pressure loss tables.

05

Specific Fan Power (SFP) Compliance

SFP is the ratio of total fan circuit power to the total air volume flow rate. Every VentCalc output applies a strict PASS/FAIL check against the relevant AD Part L limit for the system type.

SFP FORMULA
SFP = P_fan (W) ÷ Q (l/s) [units: W/(l/s)]

Fan power at feasibility stage is estimated from the duty pressure and an assumed fan total efficiency of 55% (typical value for a belt-drive centrifugal fan at selection point). At detailed design, actual manufacturer efficiency curves must be used.

P_fan = (Q × ΔP_total) ÷ η_fan (Q in m³/s, ΔP in Pa, η dimensionless)
SFP LIMITS — AD PART L 2021 & AD PART F 2021
System TypeSFP LimitReference
Intermittent extract fan (domestic)0.5 W/(l/s)AD Part F Vol 1, para 4.7
Mechanical extract ventilation (MEV / dMEV)0.5 W/(l/s)AD Part F Vol 1, Table 4.1
MVHR — domestic supply + extract with heat recovery1.5 W/(l/s)AD Part F Vol 1, Table 4.2
Zonal balanced supply + extract with heat recovery (non-domestic)2.3 W/(l/s)AD Part L Vol 2, Table 6.9
Central AHU — supply + extract, no heat recovery (non-domestic)2.0 W/(l/s)AD Part L Vol 2, Table 6.9
Mechanical extract only — non-domestic0.5 W/(l/s) per fanAD Part L Vol 2, Table 6.9
Local recirculation unit (no outside air)N/A — not subject to SFP limitAD Part L Vol 2
PASS: Calculated SFP ≤ limit. Indicative compliance at feasibility stage.
FAIL: Calculated SFP exceeds limit. System selection or pressure pathway must be revised before detailed design.
06

Confidence Scoring

When a drawing is uploaded, an automated image analysis process extracts room labels, dimensions, equipment tags, and annotation text. The Confidence Level reflects certainty in that extraction — not the accuracy of the underlying calculation logic.

CONFIDENCE LEVELS — WHAT THEY MEAN
HIGH

Values derived directly from AD Part F tables, clearly legible room labels, or manually entered data. Area measurements confirmed against drawing scale. No significant assumptions required.

Proceed to detailed design. Values are suitable for manufacturer enquiry and budget costing.
MEDIUM

Some values inferred from room type heuristics, partial text extraction, or standard default rates. Drawing legibility may be reduced (low resolution, hand-annotated, or scanned).

Review all extracted values before use. Cross-check room names and areas against the original drawing.
LOW

Significant assumptions applied. Drawing was not machine-readable, or critical information (floor area, room usage) could not be extracted with confidence. OCR accuracy below reliable threshold.

Treat as planning figures only. All room data should be manually verified or re-entered using the Manual Entry route before any design decisions are made.
OCR Basis: The drawing extraction process uses optical character recognition (OCR) and image segmentation to read text, room labels, dimension strings, and equipment schedule annotations from uploaded PDFs and images. Confidence scoring is based on the number of successfully matched regulatory identifiers, legible area figures, and consistent annotation patterns found in the drawing.
07

Engineer of Record Responsibility

VentCalc is a calculation assistant, not an engineer.

All outputs are indicative feasibility calculations produced at RIBA Stage 2–3. They are suitable for:

  • Early-stage plant space planning and equipment allowances
  • Manufacturer duty enquiries and budget quotations
  • Feasibility submissions and RIBA Stage 2 reports
  • Client briefing and concept design sign-off

They are not suitable for:

  • Building Regulations compliance submissions without further verification
  • Construction-stage duct design, terminal selection, or balancing
  • Fire strategy or smoke control design
  • Final commissioning targets (BSRIA BG2/2010)
Verification clause: The Engineer of Record — or suitably qualified person as defined under Regulation 12 of the Building Regulations 2010 — remains fully responsible for verifying all extracted dimensions, confirming all calculation inputs, and signing off the final design. Automated extraction of values from uploaded drawings does not transfer professional responsibility. The engineer must confirm that the inputs used reflect actual site conditions and the applicable regulatory requirements before any output is issued or relied upon.
VentCalc Calculation Methodology — v1.0 · Referenced to AD F & L (2021), BS EN 16798-1, CIBSE Guide B2, BB101
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